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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=91TT2785>
<title>
Dec. 16, 1991: Organized Crime:All That Glitters. . .
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Dec. 16, 1991 The Smile of Freedom
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BUSINESS, Page 57
ORGANIZED CRIME
All That Glitters...
</hdr><body>
<p>Stephen Saccoccia thought he could go on laundering hundreds of
millions in drug money forever. He was wrong.
</p>
<p>By Richard Behar
</p>
<p> To the merchants who line the rough-and-tumble streets of
New York City's diamond district, he is known as Steve
"Yorakim"--Hebrew for green, the color of money. But to
prosecutors in Manhattan, as well as Miami, Atlanta, Los Angeles
and Providence, Stephen Anthony Saccoccia is known as one of the
country's biggest, savviest and most wanted money launderers for
Colombia's drug cartels. That is, until shortly before
Thanksgiving weekend, when hundreds of government agents mounted
a simultaneous five-state assault on Saccoccia's organization,
arresting and indicting 50 people and seizing millions of
dollars' worth of businesses, houses, cars and cash that had
allegedly been used to wash as much as $750 million in narcotics
proceeds.
</p>
<p> The smashing of Saccoccia's empire is actually the third
major drug-money laundering indictment in the precious-metals
and diamond industry in as many years. The first phase of what
the Federal Government calls Operation Polar Cap involved the
1988 breakup of a $1 billion money-laundering scheme for the
Medellin cartel through a Los Angeles jewelry mart. "Saccoccia
was in a position to step right in after we knocked out Polar
Cap One," says U.S. Attorney Lincoln Almond of Rhode Island. "We
were onto him from the git-go."
</p>
<p> The end came last week in Geneva, where Saccoccia, 35, was
arrested with his wife (and reputed confederate) Donna, carrying
$500,000 in cash. Yet that is mere pocket change for
precious-metals traders, whose enormous cash transactions make
them ideal fronts for laundering. "A precious-metals dealer may
buy and sell hundreds of millions of dollars of gold in a year
in numerous transactions, show a minimal profit, produce limited
business records that appear legitimate and not raise
suspicion," explains Dennis Fortune, a money-laundering expert
and 24-year IRS veteran.
</p>
<p> In Saccoccia's operation, say prosecutors, hundreds of
thousands of dollars flowed into dummy shops in Manhattan's
jewelry district each day from nationwide drug couriers. The
cash was bundled into duffel bags or gold-shipment crates and
driven by Brink's or Loomis armored trucks to the Saccoccia Coin
Co., an unobtrusive storefront in Cranston, R.I. (pop. 76,000),
or to a second location in Los Angeles. Thereafter, most of the
money was subdivided, deposited in U.S. banks--ranging from
Rhode Island's modest Fleet/Norstar to Bank of America--and
then converted into cashier's checks made out to dummy firms.
Next the money was moved electronically to foreign banks and
eventually to the Colombians. Saccoccia skimmed off up to 10%
of the proceeds.
</p>
<p> The racket apparently grew with astonishing speed.
Saccoccia started as a decent enough kid, collecting coins while
in high school in Cranston until he dropped out in 1973 to open
his coin shop. By 1980, with the price of gold soaring, the boy
wonder enjoyed a statewide reputation. "He was fencing [buying
and reselling] all the stolen gold in the area," recalls a
local federal agent. "Kids were busting into houses left and
right, stealing precious metals and lining up outside his
store." By the time he pleaded guilty in 1985 to tax evasion,
Saccoccia was reputedly a key moneymaking "associate" for New
England's Patriarca Mafia family. After a brief stint in jail,
say investigators, he started his laundering business in 1988.
</p>
<p> As government agents dismantle Saccoccia's web, they
marvel at his sophistication. "He was a tough micromanager who
dictated every piece of the operation and castigated his
subordinates regularly for not doing deals fast enough," says
Charles Domroe, who heads the FBI's narcotics unit in New York.
"He is also the first known launderer to serve both the Medellin
and the Cali cartels." Among those indicted with Saccoccia is
a man he allegedly answered to, a Miami-based trafficker for the
Cali group named Duvan ("Uncle") Arboleda, who slipped quietly
and safely back to Colombia two months ago.
</p>
<p> Saccoccia wasn't as lucky--or as careful. When his cash
deposits became suspiciously large, banks tipped off the IRS.
Then, in a display of cooperation rarely seen in the financial
industry, 10 banks agreed to continue taking the money as
federal agents watched. Saccoccia's final mistake may have been
his failure, quite literally, to wash the greenbacks before
laundering them. In March 1990, Saccoccia and an aide delivered
to a bank $53,000 packaged in 53 bundles. The currency was
tested by a cocaine-sniffing German shepherd named Basko, which
promptly went "bonkers," says an agent. A day later, another
bank received a Saccoccia deposit. Basko went berserk again. And
again and again, in bank after bank.
</p>
<p> One small bank allegedly used by the launderers, Heritage
Loan and Investment Co., utterly refused to help the feds. But
that shouldn't surprise Rhode Islanders. Heritage collapsed
earlier this year, taking the state's system of 45 privately
insured banks and credit unions with it. The bank's fugitive
president, Joseph Mollicone Jr., who is accused of embezzling
$13 million, was initially a target of the Polar Cap probe. On
the same day last fall that state examiners were inside Heritage
reviewing the books, one of Saccoccia's aides turned up at a
teller's window with $52,600 in cash.
</p>
<p> Officials predict that the demise of this global ring will
reverberate through the drug trade for years to come. The
Saccoccias, who are rumored to be returning voluntarily to the
U.S. from Switzerland this week to face charges, allegedly
commanded as much as 10% of the U.S. drug-money laundering
market. "Money is the fuel that feeds the drug lords," says
Commissioner of Customs Carol Hallett. "And we just cut off one
very big pipeline."
</p>
</body></article>
</text>